Development and Evaluation of a Patient–Family Caregiver Dyad mHealth Intervention for Heart Failure Self-Care: Quasi-Experimental Study

Youn-Jung Son   ¹ , RN, PhD ;   JiYeon Choi   ² , RN, PhD ;   Hyue Mee Kim   ³ , MD, MS ;   Hoyoun Won   ³ , MD, PhD ;   Jong-Chan Youn   ⁴ , MD, PhD ;   Sang-Wook Kim   ⁵ , MD, PhD ;   Wang-Soo Lee   ³ , MD, PhD ;   Jun Hwan Cho   ⁵ , MD, MS ;   Kyung‑Taek Park   ³ , MD, MS ;   Joonhwa Hong   ⁶ , MD, PhD ;   Da-Young Kim   ⁷ , RN, MSN

¹ Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

² Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Nursing, Yonsei University Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Seoul, Republic of Korea

³ Division of Cardiology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁴ Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁵ Division of Cardiology, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital and Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong, Republic of Korea

⁶ Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁷ Graduate School of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea