Mobile App–Based Self-Management of Urinary Incontinence in Pregnant Women: Multicenter Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial

Yuling Zhu   ^{1, 2 *} , BSN ;   Wenzhi Cai   ^{1, 2 *} , PhD ;   Sha Liu   ^{3 *} , MSN ;   Danli Zhang   ⁴ , MSN ;   Dan Luo   ⁵ , MSN ;   Shaoli Huang   ⁶ , BSN ;   Wei Shi   ⁷ , MBBS ;   Lihua Yang   ⁸ , BSN ;   Shuanghao Zhang   ⁹ , BSN ;   Hengying Fang   ¹⁰ , PhD ;   Ling Chen   ^{1, 2} , PhD

¹ Department of Nursing, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China

² School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

³ Department of Urology Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China

⁴ Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China

⁵ Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China

⁶ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Foshan Shunde District Third People's Hospital (Beijiao Hospital), Foshan, China

⁷ Department of Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Medicine, Qinghai Kangle Hospital, Xining, China

⁸ Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China

⁹ Women's Health Center, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Dongguan, China

¹⁰ Department of Nursing, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

*these authors contributed equally