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Discretionary Corrigenda (116)

Published on in Vol 28 (2026)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/88495, first published .
Correction: Culturally Adapted Guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Hong Kong People With Depressive Symptoms: Randomized Controlled Trial

Correction: Culturally Adapted Guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Hong Kong People With Depressive Symptoms: Randomized Controlled Trial

Correction: Culturally Adapted Guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Hong Kong People With Depressive Symptoms: Randomized Controlled Trial

Authors of this article:

Jia-Yan Pan1 Author Orcid Image ;   Jonas Rafi2 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by Tweetations Metrics

    Corrigenda and Addenda

    1Department of Social Work, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)

    2Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

    Corresponding Author:

    Jia-Yan Pan, PhD

    Department of Social Work

    Hong Kong Baptist University

    Room AAB1026, 10/F, Academic and Administration Building

    15 Baptist University Road, Baptist University Road Campus, Kowloon Tong, KLN

    Hong Kong

    China (Hong Kong)

    Phone: 852 34116415

    Email: jiayan@hkbu.edu.hk



    In “Culturally Adapted Guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Hong Kong People With Depressive Symptoms: Randomized Controlled Trial”[1], the authors noted some errors.

    One sentence has been changed. In the “Measurements” section, the third sentence in the third paragraph originally appeared as follows:

    Item scores were summed for the positive and negative subscales, with higher total scores indicating more positive and negative automatic thoughts, respectively.

    This sentence now reads:

    Item scores were averaged for the positive and negative subscales, with higher total scores indicating more positive and negative automatic thoughts, respectively.

    The originally published Tables 2 and 4 have been revised due to typos. The new Table 2 and Table 4 that are replacing the original published versions are shown below (with changes marked in italics).

    Table 2. Comparison of treatment effects between active and WLCa groups at post-treatment (intent-to-treat analysis).
    OutcomeUnadjusted mean (SD)Adjusted difference (95% CI)Between group effect size d (95% CI)Within group effect size (95% CI)

    		WebAppWLWeb vs WLP valueApp vs WLP valueWeb vs WLApp vs WLWebAppWLC
    BDI-IIb9.40 (8.90)9.43 (8.45)18.02 (9.02)–8.24 (–10.52 to –5.96)<.001–9.38 (–11.65 to –7.10)<.0011.07 (0.81 to 1.34)1.15 (0.88 to 1.43)1.48 (1.18 to 1.78)1.64 (1.33 to 1.94)0.45 (0.2 to 0.71)
    PHQ-9c5.59 (4.43)5.24 (3.65)8.99 (4.58)–3.07 (–4.46 to –1.67)<.001–4.50 (–5.89 to –3.12)<.0010.78 (0.52 to 1.04)0.95 (0.63 to 1.27)1.11 (0.81 to 1.41)1.69 (1.36 to 2.02)0.46 (0.19 to 0.73)
    GHQ-12d1.60 (3.06)1.53 (2.77)5.35 (3.85)–3.65 (–4.75 to –2.54)<.001–4.49 (–5.6 to –3.38)<.0011.05 (0.77 to 1.32)1.11 (0.83 to 1.39)1.64 (1.34 to 1.95)2.21 (1.87 to 2.55)0.64 (0.38 to 0.9)
    BAIe8.89 (7.89)8.49 (6.69)11.09 (7.49)–2.47 (–4.33 to –0.62).009–3.32 (–5.17 to –1.47)<.0010.37 (0.11 to 0.63)0.54 (0.29 to 0.8)0.64 (0.37 to 0.91)0.88 (0.59 to 1.15)0.37 (0.11 to 0.62)
    Positive automatic thoughts2.40 (0.71)2.33 (0.67)1.98 (0.58)0.38 (0.22 to 0.54)<.0010.40 (0.24 to 0.55)<.001–0.63 (–0.9 to –0.37)–0.61 (–0.9 to –0.32)–0.88 (–1.16 to –0.6)–0.93 (–1.22 to –0.65)–0.30 (–0.55 to 0.04)
    Negative automatic thoughts1.85 (0.78)1.89 (0.63)2.29 (0.80)–0.43 (–0.63 to –0.22)<.001–0.48 (–0.68 to –0.27)<.0010.63 (0.37 to 0.90)0.66 (0.35 to 0.97)0.83 (0.55 to 1.11)1.00 (0.72 to 1.28)0.28 (0.02 to 0.53)
    Positive emotions3.26 (0.69)3.27 (0.62)2.89 (0.68)0.35 (0.18 to 0.52)<.0010.43 (0.26 to 0.60)<.001–0.56 (–0.84 to –0.27)–0.60 (–0.9 to –0.3)–0.89 (–1.17 to –0.61)–1.10 (–1.38 to –0.81)–0.30 (–0.55 to –0.04)
    Negative emotions2.91 (0.82)2.92 (0.69)3.33 (0.74)–0.45 (–0.64 to –0.25)<.001–0.47 (–0.66 to –0.27)<.0010.64 (0.37 to 0.91)0.65 (0.38 to 0.91)1.06 (0.78 to 1.34)1.21 (0.91 to 1.5)0.50 (0.24 to 0.75)

    aWLC: waitlist control.

    bBDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II.

    cPHQ-9: 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.

    dGHQ-12: 12-item General Health Questionnaire.

    eBAI: Beck Anxiety Inventory.

    Table 4. Comparisons between web-based and app-based iCBTa groups on primary and secondary outcome measures at post-treatment (intention-to-treat analysis).
    Measure and timeUnadjusted mean (SD)Adjusted difference (95% CI)P valueBetween-group effect size d (95% CI)Within-group effect size (95% CI)

    		WebApp


    		WebApp
    BDI-IIb
     Baseline22.24 (8.52)23.66 (8.77)N/AcN/AN/AN/AN/A
     Post9.40 (8.90)9.43 (8.45)0.21 (–2.28 to 2.70).87–0.01 (–0.3 to 0.28)1.48 (1.18 to 1.78)1.64 (1.33 to 1.94)
     3 months9.43 (9.58)9.15 (8.51)–0.14 (–3.11 to 2.83).930.03 (–0.34 to 0.4)1.45 (1.1 to 1.8)1.67 (1.32 to 2.02)
     6 months10.15 (9.03)13.47 (12.24)–1.37 (–4.46 to 1.72).38–0.37 (–0.76 to 0.02)1.40 (1.05 to 1.74)1.04 (0.69 to 1.38)
    PHQ-9d
     Baseline10.77 (4.9)12.07 (4.27)N/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
     Post5.59 (4.43)5.24 (3.65)0.35 (–1.08 to 1.77).630.07 (–0.22 to 0.36)1.11 (0.8 to 1.41)1.69 (1.36 to 2.02)
     3 months5.41 (4.01)5.83 (3.57)–0.27 (–1.94 to 1.41).75–0.1 (–0.47 to 0.28)1.16 (0.81 to 1.51)1.55 (1.18 to 1.91)
     6 months5.94 (5.44)7.65 (5.06)–0.86 (–2.67 to 0.94).35–0.39 (–0.79 to 0.01)0.95 (0.59 to 1.31)0.97 (0.62 to 1.33)
    GHQ-12e
     Baseline7.46 (3.86)8.4 (3.31)N/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
     Post1.60 (3.06)1.53 (2.77)0.05 (–0.84 to 0.93).910.02 (–0.27 to 0.31)1.64 (1.34 to 1.95)2.21 (1.87 to 2.55)
     3 months1.85 (3.02)1.69 (2.82)–0.08 (–1.17 to 1).880.05 (–0.32 to 0.42)1.54 (1.19 to 1.89)2.12 (1.74 to 2.49)
     6 months1.77 (3.20)3.49 (4.10)–1.46 (–0.33 to –2.59).01–0.52 (–0.91 to –0.12)1.54 (1.19 to 1.89)1.39 (1.03 to 1.74)
    BAIf
     Baseline14.53 (9.29)15.36 (8.8)N/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
     Post8.89 (7.89)8.49 (6.69)0.53 (–1.25 to 2.31).560.06 (–0.23 to 0.36)0.64 (0.37 to 0.91)0.88 (0.59 to 1.15)
     3 months7.67 (6.42)8.03 (6.78)0.59 (–1.56 to 2.73).59–0.05 (–0.42 to 0.32)0.80 (0.47 to 1.12)0.89 (0.57 to 1.21)
     6 months7.89 (7.99)9.88 (7.72)0.32 (–1.91 to 2.56).78–0.25 (–0.64 to 0.14)0.74 (0.42 to 1.07)0.64 (0.31 to 0.98)
    Positive automatic thoughts
     Baseline1.85 (0.55)1.79 (0.52)N/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
     Post2.40 (0.71)2.33 (0.67)0.01 (–0.18 to 0.2).930.1 (–0.19 to 0.39)–0.88 (–1.16 to –0.6)–0.93 (–1.21 to –0.65)
     3 months2.49 (0.67)2.44 (0.84)–0.1 (–0.32 to 0.12).380.07 (–0.3 to 0.44)–1.08 (–1.41 to –0.75)–1.03 (–1.36 to –0.71)
     6 months2.46 (0.85)2.15 (0.71)0.08 (–0.16 to 0.31).520.47 (0.08 to 0.86)–0.93 (–1.26 to –0.6)–0.63 (–0.96 to –0.29)
    Negative automatic thoughts
     Baseline2.55 (0.88)2.65 (0.85)N/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
     Post1.85 (0.78)1.89 (0.63)–0.02 (–0.22 to 0.18).86–0.04 (–0.33 to 0.25)0.83 (0.55 to 1.1)1 (0.72 to 1.28)
     3 months1.74 (0.68)1.82 (0.71)–0.03 (–0.27 to 0.21).81–0.09 (–0.46 to 0.28)0.97 (0.64 to 1.29)1.02 (0.7 to 1.34)
     6 months1.75 (0.78)2.05 (0.93)–0.15 (–0.4 to 0.1).24–0.38 (–0.77 to 0.01)0.93 (0.6 to 1.26)0.68 (0.34 to 1.02)
    Positive emotions
     Baseline2.72 (0.54)2.65 (0.54)N/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
     Post3.26 (0.69)3.27 (0.62)–0.03 (–0.22 to 0.16).87–0.04 (–0.33 to 0.25)–0.89 (–1.17 to –0.61)–1.1 (–1.38 to –0.81)
     3 months3.26 (0.75)3.33 (0.81)–0.1 (–0.33 to 0.13).93–0.12 (–0.49 to 0.25)–0.89 (–1.21 to –0.56)–1.07 (–1.39 to –0.74)
     6 months3.24 (0.75)2.97 (0.72)0.12 (–0.11 to 0.36).380.4 (0.01 to 0.79)–0.85 (–1.18 to –0.52)–0.54 (–0.88 to –0.21)
    Negative emotions
     Baseline3.73 (0.75)3.78 (0.73)N/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
     Post2.91 (0.82)2.93 (0.69)–0.02 (–0.23 to 0.2).63–0.02 (–0.31 to 0.28)1.06 (0.78 to 1.34)1.21 (0.91 to 1.5)
     3 months2.78 (0.85)2.93 (0.73)–0.07 (–0.32 to 0.18).75–0.19 (–0.56 to 0.18)1.23 (0.89 to 1.57)1.17 (0.84 to 1.5)
     6 months2.86 (0.91)3.17 (0.88)–0.1 (–0.36 to 0.16).35–0.39 (–0.78 to 0)1.09 (0.75 to 1.42)0.8 (0.46 to 1.13)

    aiCBT: internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy

    bBDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II.

    cN/A: not applicable.

    dPHQ-9: 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.

    eGHQ-12: 12-item General Health Questionnaire.

    fBAI: Beck Anxiety Inventory.

    The correction will appear in the online version of the paper on the JMIR Publications website, together with the publication of this correction notice. Because this was made after submission to PubMed, PubMed Central, and other full-text repositories, the corrected article has also been resubmitted to those repositories.

    1. Pan J-Y, Rafi J. Culturally Adapted Guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Hong Kong People With Depressive Symptoms: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. Feb 25, 2025;27:e64303. [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]

    This is a non–peer-reviewed article. submitted 26.Nov.2025; accepted 27.Nov.2025; published 03.Feb.2026.

    Copyright

    ©Jia-Yan Pan, Jonas Rafi. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 03.Feb.2026.

    This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (ISSN 1438-8871), is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.