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Types of HPV Vaccine Misinformation Circulating on Twitter (X) That Parents Find Most Concerning: Insights From a Cross-Sectional Survey and Content Analysis

Types of HPV Vaccine Misinformation Circulating on Twitter (X) That Parents Find Most Concerning: Insights From a Cross-Sectional Survey and Content Analysis

In the HPV antivaccine network, the main traits of social media misinformation messages included mentioning #Gardasil, claiming to reveal a lie, conspiracy theories, and risk of vaccine injury [22]. Previous research has documented the amount of misinformation about the HPV vaccine on social media, the most prevalent misinformation, and it has documented the ways that vaccine misinformation impacts vaccination attitudes and behavior.

Jennifer C Morgan, Sarah Badlis, Katharine J Head, Gregory Zimet, Joseph N Cappella, Melanie L Kornides

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e54657

Infodemic Versus Viral Information Spread: Key Differences and Open Challenges

Infodemic Versus Viral Information Spread: Key Differences and Open Challenges

It started from being an “epidemic of information,” as defined by Rothkopf in 2003 [1] in the context of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak, to then include the element of misinformation [2-4], especially when the concept gained momentum during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Matteo Cinelli, Francesco Gesualdo

JMIR Infodemiology 2025;5:e57455

Use of Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Model for COVID-19 Fact-Checking: Development and Usability Study

Use of Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Model for COVID-19 Fact-Checking: Development and Usability Study

The COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by an “infodemic,” characterized by the rapid spread of misinformation and disinformation, significantly undermining public health efforts [1]. Misinformation refers to the unintentional spread of incorrect or misleading information [2], while disinformation involves deliberately disseminating false information to deceive [3].

Hai Li, Jingyi Huang, Mengmeng Ji, Yuyi Yang, Ruopeng An

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e66098

Using Social Media Platforms to Raise Health Awareness and Increase Health Education in Pakistan: Structural Equation Modeling Analysis and Questionnaire Study

Using Social Media Platforms to Raise Health Awareness and Increase Health Education in Pakistan: Structural Equation Modeling Analysis and Questionnaire Study

Addressing these barriers in resource-limited countries requires targeted strategies such as improving health literacy, offering culturally sensitive health care education, increasing access to technology, and combating misinformation [21]. Among these targeted strategies, social media has gained the most attention in the high-income world [20]. Health care education through social media has become an increasingly effective method for reaching diverse audiences with health information.

Malik Mamoon Munir, Nabil Ahmed

JMIR Hum Factors 2025;12:e65745

Exploring Public Sentiment on the Repurposing of Ivermectin for COVID-19 Treatment: Cross-Sectional Study Using Twitter Data

Exploring Public Sentiment on the Repurposing of Ivermectin for COVID-19 Treatment: Cross-Sectional Study Using Twitter Data

This sentiment analysis focuses on Twitter discussions about ivermectin, showing public opinion that, while not devoid of misinformation risks, these discussions offer an alternative lens to understand the societal pulse on this contentious topic [6]. By examining the sentiments expressed on Twitter, we aim to add nuance to the ongoing discourse, acknowledging the platform's influence on public perception and its implications for health communication strategies.

Angga Prawira Kautsar, Rano Kurnia Sinuraya, Jurjen van der Schans, Maarten Jacobus Postma, Auliya A Suwantika

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e50536

Understanding Interventions to Address Infodemics Through Epidemiological, Socioecological, and Environmental Health Models: Framework Analysis

Understanding Interventions to Address Infodemics Through Epidemiological, Socioecological, and Environmental Health Models: Framework Analysis

As of April 2022, 24% of COVID-19 mortality, or 234,000 deaths, was vaccine-preventable [2], and misinformation and disinformation cost the United States between US $50,000,000 and US $300,000,000 each day during the pandemic in health care spending and economic losses [3]. These impacts demonstrated the necessity of addressing misinformation as part of public health responses [4].

Jennifer N John, Sara Gorman, David Scales

JMIR Infodemiology 2025;5:e67119

Quantifying Public Engagement With Science and Malinformation on COVID-19 Vaccines: Cross-Sectional Study

Quantifying Public Engagement With Science and Malinformation on COVID-19 Vaccines: Cross-Sectional Study

The growing dominance of social media as a news source has resulted in not only widespread engagement with science but also a perpetuation of medical misinformation in fields ranging from dementia [1] to cardiology [2] and cancer [3,4] and beyond.

David Robert Grimes, David H Gorski

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e64679

Experiences of Public Health Professionals Regarding Crisis Communication During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies

Experiences of Public Health Professionals Regarding Crisis Communication During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies

During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health organizations worldwide experienced difficulties with the “infodemic” of misinformation on social media [17]. Before the pandemic, researchers had recognized the importance of management of misinformation and studied countermeasures [18-21]. However, the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the inexperience of public health agencies in dealing with the influence of misinformation during an emergency [22,23].

Tsuyoshi Okuhara, Marina Terada, Hiroko Okada, Rie Yokota, Takahiro Kiuchi

JMIR Infodemiology 2025;5:e66524

Beliefs in Misinformation About COVID-19 and the Russian Invasion of Ukraine Are Linked: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Survey Study

Beliefs in Misinformation About COVID-19 and the Russian Invasion of Ukraine Are Linked: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Survey Study

A moderate positive correlation discovered between BM-C and BM-U supports our hypothesis, indicating that a significant number of individuals believing in COVID-19 misinformation have also adopted ideological misinformation regarding the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Dominika Grygarová, Marek Havlík, Petr Adámek, Jiří Horáček, Veronika Juríčková, Jaroslav Hlinka, Ladislav Kesner

JMIR Infodemiology 2025;5:e62913

Medical Misinformation in AI-Assisted Self-Diagnosis: Development of a Method (EvalPrompt) for Analyzing Large Language Models

Medical Misinformation in AI-Assisted Self-Diagnosis: Development of a Method (EvalPrompt) for Analyzing Large Language Models

With their increased usage, LLMs are gaining user trust [3], partly due to the anthropomorphic responses produced by models such as GPT-4o, even though they can generate misinformation at scale [4,5]. Recent reports highlight the inability of differentiating truth from misinformation, and the potential collapse of health care systems, as major disruptors on the horizon [6]. This emphasizes the urgent need to develop solutions to ensure the delivery of factual information.

Troy Zada, Natalie Tam, Francois Barnard, Marlize Van Sittert, Venkat Bhat, Sirisha Rambhatla

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e66207