Online-Delivered Group and Personal Exercise Programs to Support Low Active Older Adults’ Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Randomized Controlled Trial

Background In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, experts in mental health science emphasized the importance of developing and evaluating approaches to support and maintain the mental health of older adults. Objective The aim of this study was to assess whether a group-based exercise program relative to a personal exercise program (both delivered online) and waitlist control (WLC) can improve the psychological health of previously low active older adults during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The Seniors COVID-19 Pandemic and Exercise (SCOPE) trial was a 3-arm, parallel randomized controlled trial conducted between May and September 2020 in which low active older adults (aged ≥65 years) were recruited via media outlets and social media. After baseline assessments, consented participants were randomized to one of two 12-week exercise programs (delivered online by older adult instructors) or a WLC condition. A total of 241 older adults (n=187 women) provided baseline measures (via online questionnaires), were randomized (ngroup=80, npersonal=82, ncontrol=79), and completed measures every 2 weeks for the duration of the trial. The trial’s primary outcome was psychological flourishing. Secondary outcomes included global measures of mental and physical health, life satisfaction, and depression symptoms. Results The results of latent growth modeling revealed no intervention effects for flourishing, life satisfaction, or depression symptoms (P>.05 for all). Participants in the group condition displayed improved mental health relative to WLC participants over the first 10 weeks (effect size [ES]=0.288-0.601), and although the week 12 effect (ES=0.375) was in the same direction the difference was not statistically significant (P=.089). Participants in the personal condition displayed improved mental health, when compared with WLC participants, in the same medium ES range (ES=0.293-0.565) over the first 8 weeks, and while the effects were of a similar magnitude at weeks 10 (ES=0.455, P=.069) and 12 (ES=0.258, P=.353), they were not statistically significant. In addition, participants in the group condition displayed improvements in physical health when compared with the WLC (ES=0.079-0.496) across all 12 weeks of the study following baseline. No differences were observed between the personal exercise condition and WLC for physical health (slope P=.271). Conclusions There were no intervention effects for the trial’s primary outcome (ie, psychological flourishing). It is possible that the high levels of psychological flourishing at baseline may have limited the extent to which those indicators could continue to improve further through intervention (ie, potential ceiling effects). However, the intervention effects for mental and physical health point to the potential capacity of low-cost and scalable at-home programs to support the mental and physical health of previously inactive adults in the COVID-19 pandemic. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04412343; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04412343

CONSORT-EHEALTH (V 1.6.1) -Submission/Publication Form The CONSORT-EHEALTH checklist is intended for authors of randomized trials evaluating web-based and Internet-based applications/interventions, including mobile interventions, electronic games (incl multiplayer games), social media, certain telehealth applications, and other interactive and/or networked electronic applications. Some of the items (e.g. all subitems under item 5 -description of the intervention) may also be applicable for other study designs.
The goal of the CONSORT EHEALTH checklist and guideline is to be a) a guide for reporting for authors of RCTs, b) to form a basis for appraisal of an ehealth trial (in terms of validity) CONSORT-EHEALTH items/subitems are MANDATORY reporting items for studies published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research and other journals / scientific societies endorsing the checklist.
As the CONSORT-EHEALTH checklist is still considered in a formative stage, we would ask that you also RATE ON A SCALE OF 1-5 how important/useful you feel each item is FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE CHECKLIST and reporting guideline (optional).
Mandatory reporting items are marked with a red *. In the textboxes, either copy & paste the relevant sections from your manuscript into this form -please include any quotes from your manuscript in QUOTATION MARKS, or answer directly by providing additional information not in the manuscript, or elaborating on why the item was not relevant for this study.

1a-i) Identify the mode of delivery in the title
Identify the mode of delivery. Preferably use "web-based" and/or "mobile" and/or "electronic game" in the title. Avoid ambiguous terms like "online", "virtual", "interactive". Use "Internet-based" only if Intervention includes non-web-based Internet components (e.g. email), use "computer-based" or "electronic" only if offline products are used. Use "virtual" only in the context of "virtual reality" (3-D worlds). Use "online" only in the context of "online support groups". Complement or substitute product names with broader terms for the class of products (such as "mobile" or "smart phone" instead of "iphone"), especially if the application runs on different platforms.

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Does your paper address subitem 1a-i? * Copy and paste relevant sections from manuscript title (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study 1a-ii) Non-web-based components or important co-interventions in title Mention non-web-based components or important co-interventions in title, if any (e.g., "with telephone support").

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Does your paper address subitem 1a-ii?
Copy and paste relevant sections from manuscript title (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study Online-Delivered Group and Personal Exercise Programs to Support Low Active Older Adults' Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial 1a-iii) Primary condition or target group in the title Mention primary condition or target group in the title, if any (e.g., "for children with Type I Diabetes") Example: A Web-based and Mobile Intervention with Telephone Support for Children with Type I Diabetes: Randomized Controlled Trial

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Does your paper address subitem 1a-iii? * Copy and paste relevant sections from manuscript title (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study subitem not at all important 1 2 3 4 5 essential 1b-i) Key features/functionalities/components of the intervention and comparator in the METHODS section of the ABSTRACT Mention key features/functionalities/components of the intervention and comparator in the abstract. If possible, also mention theories and principles used for designing the site. Keep in mind the needs of systematic reviewers and indexers by including important synonyms. (Note: Only report in the abstract what the main paper is reporting. If this information is missing from the main body of text, consider adding it)

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Does your paper address subitem 1b-i? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript abstract (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "Objective: To assess whether a group-based exercise program relative to a personal exercise program (both delivered online) and wait-list control (WLC 1b-ii) Level of human involvement in the METHODS section of the ABSTRACT Clarify the level of human involvement in the abstract, e.g., use phrases like "fully automated" vs. "therapist/nurse/care provider/physician-assisted" (mention number and expertise of providers involved, if any). (Note: Only report in the abstract what the main paper is reporting. If this information is missing from the main body of text, consider adding it)

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Does your paper address subitem 1b-ii?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript abstract (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "The Seniors COvid-19 Pandemic and Exercise (SCOPE) Trial was a 3-arm, parallel randomized controlled trial conducted between May and September 2020 in which low active older adults (aged ≥ 65 years) were randomized to one of two 12-week exercise programs (delivered online by older adult instructors)..." 1b-iii) Open vs. closed, web-based (self-assessment) vs. face-to-face assessments in the METHODS section of the ABSTRACT Mention how participants were recruited (online vs. offline), e.g., from an open access website or from a clinic or a closed online user group (closed usergroup trial), and clarify if this was a purely web-based trial, or there were face-to-face components (as part of the intervention or for assessment). Clearly say if outcomes were self-assessed through questionnaires (as common in web-based trials Does your paper address subitem 1b-iii? Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript abstract (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "The Seniors COvid-19 Pandemic and Exercise (SCOPE) Trial was a 3-arm, parallel randomized controlled trial conducted between May and September 2020 in which low active older adults (aged ≥ 65 years) were recruited via media outlets and social media. After baseline assessments, consented participants were randomized to one of two 12week exercise programs (delivered online by older adult instructors) or a waitlist control condition. 241 older adults (n= 187 women) provided baseline measures (via online questionnaires), were randomized (Ngroup = 80, Npersonal = 82 Ncontrol = 79), and completed measures every two weeks for the duration of the trial. The trial's primary outcome was psychological flourishing. Secondary outcomes included global measures of mental and physical health, life satisfaction and depression symptoms." 1b-iv) RESULTS section in abstract must contain use data Does your paper address subitem 1b-iv?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript abstract (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "The results of latent growth modeling revealed no intervention effects for flourishing, life satisfaction, or depression symptoms (Ps> .05). Participants in the group condition displayed improved mental health relative to WLC participants over the first 10 weeks (ES = .288 to .601), and although the week 12 effect (ES = .375) was in the same direction the difference was not statistically significant (P >. 05). Participants in the personal condition displayed improved mental health, when compared to WLC participants, in the same medium effect size range (ES = .293 to .565) over the first 8 weeks, and while the effects were of a similar magnitude at weeks 10 (ES = .455) and 12 (ES = .258) they were not statistically significant (P >.05). In addition, participants in the group condition displayed improvements in physical health when compared to the WLC (ES = .079 to .496) across all 12 weeks of the study following baseline. No differences were observed between the personal exercise condition and WLC for physical health (P>.05)."

1b-v) CONCLUSIONS/DISCUSSION in abstract for negative trials
Conclusions/Discussions in abstract for negative trials: Discuss the primary outcome -if the trial is negative (primary outcome not changed), and the intervention was not used, discuss whether negative results are attributable to lack of uptake and discuss reasons. Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript abstract (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "There were no intervention effects for the trial's primary outcome, psychological flourishing. It is possible that the high levels of psychological flourishing at baseline may have limited the extent to which those indicators could continue to improve further through intervention (i.e., potential ceiling effects). However, the intervention effects for mental and physical health point to the potential capacity of low-cost and scalable at-home programs to support the mental and physical health of previously inactive adults in the COVID-19 pandemic."

2a-i) Problem and the type of system/solution
Describe the problem and the type of system/solution that is object of the study: intended as stand-alone intervention vs. incorporated in broader health care program? Intended for a particular patient population? Goals of the intervention, e.g., being more cost-effective to other interventions, replace or complement other solutions? (Note: Details about the intervention are provided in "Methods" under 5) Does your paper address subitem 2a-i? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "As the full scale and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic became evident in early 2020, older adults were identified as being particularly susceptible to severe illness and mortality [1]. National and local governments across the globe subsequently implemented a range of physical distancing mandates, which meant that older adults, in particular, were identified as being at risk of social isolation [2,3]. In direct response, mental health experts emphasized the importance of developing approaches to support and maintain the physical and mental health of older adults during this unprecedented time [2]. One widely scalable, non-pharmacological, and cost-effective approach promoted by the World Health Organization to support mental health during the pandemic corresponds to regular physical activity [4]. Although some correlational studies [5,6], including those focused on older adults [7,8], point to the possibility that regular physical activity may protect against depleted psychological well-being during the pandemic, there has been a distinct absence of experimental studies through which causality might be better ascertained. In this study we sought to examine the efficacy of two different types of exercise programs, both delivered online, to support the mental health of previously low active older adults (accumulating 60 minutes or less of moderate intensity activity per week) within the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic in comparison to participants in a waitlist control condition." 2a-ii) Scientific background, rationale: What is known about the (type of) system Scientific background, rationale: What is known about the (type of) system that is the object of the study (be sure to discuss the use of similar systems for other conditions/diagnoses, if appropiate), motivation for the study, i.e. what are the reasons for and what is the context for this specific study, from which stakeholder viewpoint is the study performed, potential impact of findings [2]. Briefly justify the choice of the comparator.

Clear selection 2b) In INTRODUCTION: Specific objectives or hypotheses
Does your paper address subitem 2a-ii? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "Results of previous (pre-  experimental research suggest that when older adults exercise in groups with other older adults, led by older adult instructors, and have the opportunity to socially connect after classes, they displayed improvements in group cohesion (i.e., they feel more connected)[9], adherence behavior [10], and psychological flourishing [11] when compared to older adults who exercise in classes with middle-aged and younger adults. Other research similarly indicates that when people exercise in group settings, especially within groups that are cohesive, they tend to stick with those programs to a greater extent than when exercising on their own [12]." Does your paper address CONSORT subitem 2b? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "In this study we sought to examine the efficacy of two different types of exercise programs, both delivered online, to support the mental health of previously low active older adults (accumulating 60 minutes or less of moderate intensity activity per week) within the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic in comparison to participants in a waitlist control condition." "In the current trial, we identified psychological flourishing as the a priori primary outcome measure, since psychological flourishing has been identified as an important broad indicator of well-being [19,20], that involves feeling engaged in daily life, optimistic, having a sense of meaning and purpose, and having positive relationships [21]. Flourishing has also been identified as well as a viable target for intervention [22]. We hypothesized that older adults randomized to the virtual group program would display better well-being (higher levels of psychological flourishing) than those in a personal exercise condition, who in turn, would display better well-being than wait-list controls. As secondary outcomes, we also assessed global measures of mental and physical health, life satisfaction, and depression symptoms. Also, because individuals who live alone may benefit more from a group-based exercise program that fosters social connectivity compared to those who live with others, we also investigated whether intervention effects are stronger in those who live alone versus with others.

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 3b-i?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study There were no bug fixes, downtimes, or content changes during the trial.
Does your paper address CONSORT subitem 4a? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "Low active, older adults (aged ≥ 65 years) without any medical contraindication that might prevent them from participating in moderate-intensity physical activity, were eligible to participate. Additional inclusion criteria included (a) the ability to speak and read English, (b) currently live in Canada, (c) one participant in the study per household, and (d) participants had to be able to access the internet at home via a personal smartphone, tablet (e.g., iPad), or computer (with camera functionality)."

4a-i) Computer / Internet literacy
Computer / Internet literacy is often an implicit "de facto" eligibility criterion -this should be explicitly clarified.

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 4a-i?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study There was no assessment of internet literacy, although participants had to be able to access the internet at home via a personal smartphone, tablet (e.g., iPad), or computer (with camera functionality).
4a-ii) Open vs. closed, web-based vs. face-to-face assessments: Open vs. closed, web-based vs. face-to-face assessments: Mention how participants were recruited (online vs. offline), e.g., from an open access website or from a clinic, and clarify if this was a purely webbased trial, or there were face-to-face components (as part of the intervention or for assessment), i.e., to what degree got the study team to know the participant. In online-only trials, clarify if participants were quasi-anonymous and whether having multiple identities was possible or whether technical or logistical measures (e.g., cookies, email confirmation, phone calls) were used to detect/prevent these. Does your paper address subitem 4a-ii? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "Participants were recruited via social media advertisements (e.g. Twitter, Facebook) and news coverage related to the trial (radio, print media), which directed them to the study website. Interested participants were invited to contact the trial coordinator (RH) who scheduled a scripted eligibility screening phone call with a member of the research team. After ascertaining eligibility, interested participants provided informed consent and completed baseline measures for all study measures (i.e., demographics plus all health measures) online via Qualtrics (FIPPA compliant [29])."

4a-iii) Information giving during recruitment
Information given during recruitment. Specify how participants were briefed for recruitment and in the informed consent procedures (e.g., publish the informed consent documentation as appendix, see also item X26), as this information may have an effect on user self-selection, user expectation and may also bias results.
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "Pre-screening also involved completion of the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (PARQ+) and the Electronic Physical Activity Readiness Medical Examination (ePARmed-X+; [28]). If the ePAR-medX+ highlighted that physician approval was required prior to joining the program, the respective individual was informed that this approval was required before they could enroll in the study. Following the initial screening process, informed consent was obtained. "Interested participants were invited to contact the trial coordinator (RH) who scheduled a scripted eligibility screening phone call with a member of the research team. After ascertaining eligibility, interested participants provided informed consent and completed baseline measures for all study measures (i.e., demographics plus all health measures) online via Qualtrics (FIPPA compliant [29])." Does your paper address CONSORT subitem 4b? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study 4b-i) Report if outcomes were (self-)assessed through online questionnaires Clearly report if outcomes were (self-)assessed through online questionnaires (as common in web-based trials) or otherwise.

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 4b-i? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study Does your paper address subitem 4b-ii?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study In the recruitment and consent materials, institutional affiliations were clearly stated and displayed in accordance with IRB requirements.

5-i) Mention names, credential, affiliations of the developers, sponsors, and owners
Mention names, credential, affiliations of the developers, sponsors, and owners [6] (if authors/evaluators are owners or developer of the software, this needs to be declared in a "Conflict of interest" section or mentioned elsewhere in the manuscript).

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 5-i?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study No new software was developed as part of this trial. Existing infrastructure (e.g., Canvas, Zoom) was used.

5-ii) Describe the history/development process
Describe the history/development process of the application and previous formative evaluations (e.g., focus groups, usability testing), as these will have an impact on adoption/use rates and help with interpreting results.

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 5-ii?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study This item is not applicable. As per 5-i above, no new software was developed for this trial.

5-iii) Revisions and updating
Revisions and updating. Clearly mention the date and/or version number of the application/intervention (and comparator, if applicable) evaluated, or describe whether the intervention underwent major changes during the evaluation process, or whether the development and/or content was "frozen" during the trial. Describe dynamic components such as news feeds or changing content which may have an impact on the replicability of the intervention (for unexpected events see item 3b). Does your paper address subitem 5-iii?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study No application was developed or implemented as part of this trial. No changes to the respective platforms (i.e., Canvas, Zoom) occurred during the trial.

5-iv) Quality assurance methods
Provide information on quality assurance methods to ensure accuracy and quality of information provided [1], if applicable.

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 5-iv?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study The data were collected via Qualtrics which is FIPPA compliant (Government of British Columbia: Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act. 1996) and has established standards with regard to data collection, protection, and retention of personal information (for details see https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/96165_00). We also provide the code used to conduct the main study analyses in the online supplementary materials. -v) Ensure replicability by publishing the source code, and/or providing screenshots/screen-capture video, and/or providing flowcharts of the algorithms used Ensure replicability by publishing the source code, and/or providing screenshots/screen-capture video, and/or providing flowcharts of the algorithms used. Replicability (i.e., other researchers should in principle be able to replicate the study) is a hallmark of scientific reporting.

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 5-v?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study

5-vi) Digital preservation
Digital preservation: Provide the URL of the application, but as the intervention is likely to change or disappear over the course of the years; also make sure the intervention is archived (Internet Archive, webcitation.org, and/or publishing the source code or screenshots/videos alongside the article). As pages behind login screens cannot be archived, consider creating demo pages which are accessible without login. Does your paper address subitem 5-vi?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study Intervention accessible at: https://canvas.ubc.ca/ We have not provided screenshots of each of the classes due to privacy issues of the trial instructors (as per IRB requirements).

5-vii) Access
Access: Describe how participants accessed the application, in what setting/context, if they had to pay (or were paid) or not, whether they had to be a member of specific group. If known, describe how participants obtained "access to the platform and Internet" [1]. To ensure access for editors/reviewers/readers, consider to provide a "backdoor" login account or demo mode for reviewers/readers to explore the application (also important for archiving purposes, see vi).

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 5-vii? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "Participants in the two experimental conditions were subsequently directed to a password protected and secured web-platform housed by the first author's institution (i.e., CanvasTM). This platform provided access to the appropriate exercise programs and intervention materials. Individuals randomized to receive the group-based exercise program, received an adapted version of the group program that was previously implemented for older adults for in-person exercise classes [10]. "Classes were hosted on ZoomTM by a trained research assistant who provided technical assistance to ensure that the classes were accessible to participants." "Participants in all three conditions were sent questionnaires related to the trial's measures (see below) for completion (via Qualtrics) at the end of weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12. In return for survey completion, at each time point, participants were provided $10 CDN ($70; baseline plus 6 follow-up assessments). Participants also received up to $50CAN if any costs were incurred for obtaining medical clearance from their respective family doctor."

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 5-viii? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study Please see the "Study Interventions" section in manuscript for a full elaboration.

5-ix) Describe use parameters
Describe use parameters (e.g., intended "doses" and optimal timing for use

5-x) Clarify the level of human involvement
Clarify the level of human involvement (care providers or health professionals, also technical assistance) in the e-intervention or as co-intervention (detail number and expertise of professionals involved, if any, as well as "type of assistance offered, the timing and frequency of the support, how it is initiated, and the medium by which the assistance is delivered". It may be necessary to distinguish between the level of human involvement required for the trial, and the level of human involvement required for a routine application outside of a RCT setting (discuss under item 21 -generalizability).

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 5-x?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study Please see item 5-viii which species all of the human involvement in this study.

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 5-xi? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study There was no 'app' used and as such there was no such app prompt or reminders sent to participants.

5-xii) Describe any co-interventions (incl. training/support)
Describe any co-interventions (incl. training/support): Clearly state any interventions that are provided in addition to the targeted eHealth intervention, as ehealth intervention may not be designed as stand-alone intervention. This includes training sessions and support [1]. It may be necessary to distinguish between the level of training required for the trial, and the level of training for a routine application outside of a RCT setting (discuss under item 21 -generalizability. Does your paper address subitem 5-xii? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study No additional co-intervention components were provided beyond the exercise programs described in the manuscript.
Does your paper address CONSORT subitem 6a? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study All measures used in the study have been widely used and shown to display sound validity and reliability evidence. Multi-item measures in the current study displayed acceptable reliability (Cronbach alpha). In addition, in the context of a randomized controlled trial, participants reported equivalence in the study measures at baseline. "There were no differences between groups at baseline (as indicated by the non-significant intercepts in Tables S1-5: see supplementary online materials) with regard to any of the five dependent measures assessed in the study."

6a-ii) Describe whether and how "use" (including intensity of use/dosage) was defined/measured/monitored
Describe whether and how "use" (including intensity of use/dosage) was defined/measured/monitored (logins, logfile analysis, etc.). Use/adoption metrics are important process outcomes that should be reported in any ehealth trial.

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 6a-ii?
Copy and paste relevant sections from manuscript text "As a manipulation check, participants were considered to have attended a class/session if they recorded > 10 minutes of recorded program access." subitem not at all important 1 2 3 4 5 essential 6b) Any changes to trial outcomes after the trial commenced, with reasons 7a) How sample size was determined NPT: When applicable, details of whether and how the clustering by care provides or centers was addressed 6a-iii) Describe whether, how, and when qualitative feedback from participants was obtained Describe whether, how, and when qualitative feedback from participants was obtained (e.g., through emails, feedback forms, interviews, focus groups).

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 6a-iii?

Copy and paste relevant sections from manuscript text
We conducted qualitative interviews with a subgroup of participants (N =16). However, given the length and quantitative nature of the current manuscript, this data will be published in a forthcoming manuscript.
Does your paper address CONSORT subitem 6b? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study There were no changes to the outcomes of the trial. subitem not at all important 1 2 3 4 5 essential 7b) When applicable, explanation of any interim analyses and stopping guidelines 7a-i) Describe whether and how expected attrition was taken into account when calculating the sample size Describe whether and how expected attrition was taken into account when calculating the sample size.

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 7a-i?
Copy and paste relevant sections from manuscript title (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "To account for interdependence amongst observations (i.e., multiple observations within the same participant), we conducted the power analysis using Optimal Design Software [36]. On the basis of seven observations (baseline, plus weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12), a total sample size of 527 was identified as necessary to detect a small effect size (in psychological flourishing) of δ = .25, with ICC set at .05, Power (1 -β) set at 80%, and alpha at .05 with seven time points. To account for a study attrition rate of 10 % (over the course of the study), a sample size of 600 was considered sufficient to examine the latent growth models proposed in this trial." Does your paper address CONSORT subitem 7b? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study No interim analyses were conducted. 8a) Method used to generate the random allocation sequence NPT: When applicable, how care providers were allocated to each trial group 8b) Type of randomisation; details of any restriction (such as blocking and block size) 9) Mechanism used to implement the random allocation sequence (such as sequentially numbered containers), describing any steps taken to conceal the sequence until interventions were assigned Does your paper address CONSORT subitem 8a? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "Participants were stratified to ensure equal distribution of men and women across conditions. Sequence generation was completed separately for men and women using the randomizer.org tool for researchers, with blocks of 3 unique numbers (1, 2, 3) that designated one of the three randomization groups. A researcher external to the project team generated the sequence and remained blind to participant allocation." Does your paper address CONSORT subitem 8b? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study Please see item 8a for response. 10) Who generated the random allocation sequence, who enrolled participants, and who assigned participants to interventions 11a) If done, who was blinded after assignment to interventions (for example, participants, care providers, those assessing outcomes) and how NPT: Whether or not administering co-interventions were blinded to group assignment Does your paper address CONSORT subitem 9? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study Please see item 8a for response.
Does your paper address CONSORT subitem 10? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "A researcher external to the project team generated the sequence and remained blind to participant allocation. Participants were randomized in the order they completed baseline surveys. Although the trial co-ordinator (RH) was aware of condition assignment (following randomization), there were no experimenter or investigator expectancy effects related to the mental health outcome measures as all assessments occurred online (i.e., online questionnaires). Once baseline measures were completed, the trial coordinator contacted each participant to inform them of their condition assignment as a result of the trial's randomization procedures." 11a-i) Specify who was blinded, and who wasn't Specify who was blinded, and who wasn't. Usually, in web-based trials it is not possible to blind the participants [1, 3] (this should be clearly acknowledged), but it may be possible to blind outcome assessors, those doing data analysis or those administering co-interventions (if any).

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 11a-i? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "Participants were stratified to ensure equal distribution of men and women across conditions. Sequence generation was completed separately for men and women using the randomizer.org tool for researchers, with blocks of 3 unique numbers (1, 2, 3) that designated one of the three randomization groups. A researcher external to the project team generated the sequence and remained blind to participant allocation. Participants were randomized in the order they completed baseline surveys. Although the trial co-ordinator (RH) was aware of condition assignment (following randomization), there were no experimenter or investigator expectancy effects related to the mental health outcome measures as all assessments occurred online (i.e., online questionnaires). Once baseline measures were completed, the trial coordinator contacted each participant to inform them of their condition assignment as a result of the trial's randomization procedures." 11a-ii) Discuss e.g., whether participants knew which intervention was the "intervention of interest" and which one was the "comparator" Informed consent procedures (4a-ii) can create biases and certain expectations -discuss e.g., whether participants knew which intervention was the "intervention of interest" and which one was the "comparator". 12a) Statistical methods used to compare groups for primary and secondary outcomes NPT: When applicable, details of whether and how the clustering by care providers or centers was addressed Does your paper address subitem 11a-ii?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study Participants were not informed as to whether one intervention was favored over another.
Does your paper address CONSORT subitem 11b? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study A full explanation of intervention conditions is provided in the manuscript. Does your paper address CONSORT subitem 12a? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "We conducted our main data analyses for the five outcome variables using latent growth modelling based on a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework, including all randomized participants (intention-to-treat analyses) using the Mplus version 7.4 software [38] with maximum likelihood robust (MLR) estimation. As the data were collected on multiple occasions over 12 weeks following baseline assessments, we tested both linear and non-linear trends. First, we conducted an unconditional growth model, and compared linear (see Figure S1) and quadratic (see Figure S2) growth models, and determined the optimal model through commonly used model fit indices. This corresponded to the comparative fit index (CFI), the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR). The criteria for evaluating model fit was designated with CFI values > 0.90, and RMSEA and SRMR values < .08 (Hu & Bentler, 1998, 1999. Quadratic models were utilized to take account of non-linear growth trends. Second, to test the hypothesized treatment effects we included the intervention conditions (personal exercise versus group exercise) in the analysis, and controlled for the effects of covariates, including sex, age, living situation (i.e., 'alone' versus 'with others'), and chronic health conditions. In light of our a priori hypothesis that living status would moderate the intervention effects, we included the interaction of living situation and experimental conditions in this step. We computed effect sizes at each time point using Feingold's [39-41] approach for growth modeling (equivalent to Cohen's d)."

12a-i) Imputation techniques to deal with attrition / missing values
Imputation techniques to deal with attrition / missing values: Not all participants will use the intervention/comparator as intended and attrition is typically high in ehealth trials. Specify how participants who did not use the application or dropped out from the trial were treated in the statistical analysis (a complete case analysis is strongly discouraged, and simple imputation techniques such as LOCF may also be problematic [4] subitem not at all important 1 2 3 4 5 essential Does your paper address subitem X26-i? Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "The study procedures were approved by the research ethics board of The University of British Columbia, with the design, conduct, and reporting of this study adhering to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines [23].

x26-ii) Outline informed consent procedures
Outline informed consent procedures e.g., if consent was obtained offline or online (how? Checkbox, etc.?), and what information was provided (see 4a-ii). See [6] for some items to be included in informed consent documents.

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem X26-ii?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "Following the initial screening process, informed consent was obtained. Participants were recruited via social media advertisements (e.g. Twitter, Facebook) and news coverage related to the trial (radio, print media), which directed them to the study website. Interested participants were invited to contact the trial coordinator (RH) who scheduled a scripted eligibility screening phone call with a member of the research team.

RESULTS
13a) For each group, the numbers of participants who were randomly assigned, received intended treatment, and were analysed for the primary outcome NPT: The number of care providers or centers performing the intervention in each group and the number of patients treated by each care provider in each center

X26-iii) Safety and security procedures
Safety and security procedures, incl. privacy considerations, and any steps taken to reduce the likelihood or detection of harm (e.g., education and training, availability of a hotline)

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem X26-iii?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "Pre-screening also involved completion of the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (PARQ+) and the Electronic Physical Activity Readiness Medical Examination (ePARmed-X+; [28]). If the ePAR-medX+ highlighted that physician approval was required prior to joining the program, the respective individual was informed that this approval was required before they could enroll in the study." In addition, contact details for both the research team, as well as the University's IRB was a mandatory item in the consent form. Does your paper address CONSORT subitem 13a? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study See Figure  Does your paper address subitem 13b-i?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript or cite the figure number if applicable (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study See Figure 1 CONSORT Flow Diagram for trial attrition. See Figure 2 for program attendance in the two experimental conditions across the 12-week trial.
Does your paper address CONSORT subitem 14a? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "On July 17th 2020 study recruitment was terminated for several reasons. First, during our recruitment window (June and July 2020),..." 14a-i) Indicate if critical "secular events" fell into the study period Indicate if critical "secular events" fell into the study period, e.g., significant changes in Internet resources available or "changes in computer hardware or Internet delivery resources" 14b) Why the trial ended or was stopped (early)

15) A table showing baseline demographic and clinical characteristics for each group
NPT: When applicable, a description of care providers (case volume, qualification, expertise, etc.) and centers (volume) in each group Does your paper address subitem 14a-i?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study No secular events occurred in this trial.
Does your paper address CONSORT subitem 14b? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study The trial did not end or stop early.
Does your paper address CONSORT subitem 15? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study See

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 15-i? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study We did not collect data in relation to digital divide issues in the current trial, but report such considerations in the Discussion.

16-i) Report multiple "denominators" and provide definitions
Report multiple "denominators" and provide definitions: Report N's (and effect sizes) "across a range of study participation [and use] thresholds" [1], e.g., N exposed, N consented, N used more than x times, N used more than y weeks, N participants "used" the intervention/comparator at specific pre-defined time points of interest (in absolute and relative numbers per group). Always clearly define "use" of the intervention. 17a) For each primary and secondary outcome, results for each group, and the estimated effect size and its precision (such as 95% confidence interval)

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 16-i? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study As specified in the Statistical Analyses section, intention-to-treat analyses were used. The number of participants' data who were analyzed is also specified in Figure 1.

16-ii) Primary analysis should be intent-to-treat
Primary analysis should be intent-to-treat, secondary analyses could include comparing only "users", with the appropriate caveats that this is no longer a randomized sample (see 18-i).

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 16-ii?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "We conducted our main data analyses for the five outcome variables using latent growth modelling based on a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework, including all randomized participants (intention-to-treat analyses) using the subitem not at all important 1 2 3 4 5 essential 17b) For binary outcomes, presentation of both absolute and relative effect sizes is recommended Does your paper address CONSORT subitem 17a? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study All primary and secondary outcomes have provided results for each group with estimated effects size and 95% confidence interval. We have not included a direct quote of this text for brevity, but it can be found in the Results section of our manuscript.

17a-i) Presentation of process outcomes such as metrics of use and intensity of use
In addition to primary/secondary (clinical) outcomes, the presentation of process outcomes such as metrics of use and intensity of use (dose, exposure) and their operational definitions is critical. This does not only refer to metrics of attrition (13-b) (often a binary variable), but also to more continuous exposure metrics such as "average session length". These must be accompanied by a technical description how a metric like a "session" is defined (e.g., timeout after idle time) [1] (report under item 6a).

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 17a-i?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study See Figure 2 for program attendance. Does your paper address CONSORT subitem 17b? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study No binary outcomes are reported in the trial.
Does your paper address CONSORT subitem 18? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study All analyses, plus the code used to perform these analyses have been provided as supplemental materials. We have not included a direct quote of this text for brevity, but it can be found both in the main body of the manuscript and in the supplementary materials.

18-i) Subgroup analysis of comparing only users
A subgroup analysis of comparing only users is not uncommon in ehealth trials, but if done, it must be stressed that this is a self-selected sample and no longer an unbiased sample from a randomized trial (see 16-iii

19-i) Include privacy breaches, technical problems
Include privacy breaches, technical problems. This does not only include physical "harm" to participants, but also incidents such as perceived or real privacy breaches [1], technical problems, and other unexpected/unintended incidents. "Unintended effects" also includes unintended positive effects [2].

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 19-i?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study There were no privacy breaches or technical problems in this study.

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 19-ii?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study This is the main outcomes paper for the trial, we have a separate manuscript which will specifically address qualitative feedback from participants in the trial. It would not be feasible to fully report the qualitative data/findings alongside the primary outcomes in one manuscript. subitem not at all important 1 2 3 4 5 essential 22-i) Restate study questions and summarize the answers suggested by the data, starting with primary outcomes and process outcomes (use) Restate study questions and summarize the answers suggested by the data, starting with primary outcomes and process outcomes (use).

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 22-i? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "The overall purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of two physical activity programs to support previously low active older adults' psychological and physical well-being early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Both physical activity interventions were delivered online, with one designed to foster a sense of social connectivity, and the other designed to support independent physical activity, and compared against a control condition. After displaying comparable levels of program adherence over the first four weeks of the trial, participants in the group program displayed improved adherence compared to those in the personal exercise program; over the last four weeks the proportion of participants attending 3 or more sessions per week was 10% or more in the group condition than the personal condition. Despite this, there were no intervention effects for either condition, in relation to the trial's primary outcome, psychological flourishing, or measures of life satisfaction and depression symptoms. Both intervention conditions did, however, display significant intervention effects (in the medium effect size range) for a global/omnibus measure of mental health when compared to the control condition. In addition, participants in the group exercise condition also demonstrated significant intervention effects, again in the medium effect size range, for self-reported physical health when compared to controls."

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 22-ii?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "Nevertheless, with the proportion of older adults who have access to the internet doubling between 2007 and 2016 in Canada (from 32% to 68%) [44], and with trends expected to improve further [44], programs such as those delivered in this trial have considerable potential to be delivered to older adults, either in circumstances such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, or other contexts such as living in remote or rural communities. Such online programs also have considerable potential to be delivered at scale." "Although no significant intervention effects resulted in relation to the trial's primary outcome (i.e., psychological flourishing), the intervention effects for both the group and personal conditions in relation to mental and physical health (in the medium effect size range) point to the capacity of low-cost and scalable at-home programs, delivered on-line, to support older adults' well-being in the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as other remote and/or hard-to-reach rural settings."

20-i) Typical limitations in ehealth trials
Typical limitations in ehealth trials: Participants in ehealth trials are rarely blinded. Ehealth trials often look at a multiplicity of outcomes, increasing risk for a Type I error. Discuss biases due to non-use of the intervention/usability issues, biases through informed consent procedures, unexpected events.

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem 20-i? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study Limitations can be distilled to recruitment issues, the requirement for data collection that could not occur in person (e.g., reliance on questionnaire data), and a lack of subgroup analysis due to a small number of participants who displayed identifiably depleted levels of mental health. The limitations paragraph elaborates on these points.

21-i) Generalizability to other populations
Generalizability to other populations: In particular, discuss generalizability to a general Internet population, outside of a RCT setting, and general patient population, including applicability of the study results for other organizations subitem not at all important 1 2 3 4 5 essential Does your paper address subitem 21-i?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "Although older adults may not accrue the same quality of connections with other class members that occurs within more typical in-person groups, the adherence data indicated that online groups can act to substantively retain older adults' involvement in physical activity programs (at least in the context of a global pandemic). Second, the programs delivered in this trial were designed so that all exercises could be completed in the home environment with minimal need for equipment. Thus, provided that participants had access to the internet at home via a personal smartphone, tablet (e.g., iPad), or computer, there were no barriers to participation. We recognize that some older adults face 'digital inequalities' that limit their access to the internet (and programs delivered via the internet) [43]. Nevertheless, with the proportion of older adults who have access to the internet doubling between 2007 and 2016 in Canada (from 32% to 68%) [44], and with trends expected to improve further [44], programs such as those delivered in this trial have considerable potential to be delivered to older adults, either in circumstances such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, or other contexts such as living in remote or rural communities. Such online programs also have considerable potential to be delivered at scale."

21-ii) Discuss if there were elements in the RCT that would be different in a routine application setting
Discuss if there were elements in the RCT that would be different in a routine application setting (e.g., prompts/reminders, more human involvement, training sessions or other co-interventions) and what impact the omission of these elements could have on use, adoption, or outcomes if the intervention is applied outside of a RCT setting. Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study It is beyond the scope of this trial to speculate how the findings may be applicable to in person settings.
Does your paper address CONSORT subitem 23? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "The trial was pre-registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (#NCT04412343) and the Open Science Framework [24]." Does your paper address CONSORT subitem 24? * Cite a Multimedia Appendix, other reference, or copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study Does your paper address CONSORT subitem 25? * Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study "Funding for this research was provided by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant # PJT -169211)."

X27-i) State the relation of the study team towards the system being evaluated
In addition to the usual declaration of interests (financial or otherwise), also state the relation of the study team towards the system being evaluated, i.e., state if the authors/evaluators are distinct from or identical with the developers/sponsors of the intervention.

Clear selection
Does your paper address subitem X27-i?
Copy and paste relevant sections from the manuscript (include quotes in quotation marks "like this" to indicate direct quotes from your manuscript), or elaborate on this item by providing additional information not in the ms, or briefly explain why the item is not applicable/relevant for your study The research team developed the exercise programs that were evaluated in the trial. They are distinct from the web-based systems (e.g., Canvas, Zoom) that housed the respective programs. STOP -Save this form as PDF before you click submit To generate a record that you filled in this form, we recommend to generate a PDF of this page (on a Mac, simply select "print" and then select "print as PDF") before you submit it.
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